Detail - Covering the period 1963 to 1986, this study demonstrates the degree of influence that Islam exerts on Malay identity. The book is organized around a discussion of related texts that are crucial in the rise of the notion of Malay literature. The volume includes a highly heterogeneous group of texts published over a long period of time in many places in Southeast Asia. It starts with the playful 18th-century Hikayat Hang Tuah and follows the Malay literary impulse up to the beginning of the twenty-first century. Detail - We Are Playing Relatives offers a comprehensive survey of literary writing in the Malay language. The ethnic complexity of Sumatra, in contrast, meant that the revolution demanded and altogether new 'Indonesian' identity to override the competing ethnic categories of the past. Java, with a relatively homogeneous population, passed through the revolution without significant social change. Others, though, felt victimised by a radical, levelling agenda imposed by outsiders. Some ethnic groups saw the revolution as a popular, peasant-supported movement that liberated them from foreign rule. The events in northern Sumatra were among the most dramatic episodes of Indonesia's national revolution, and brought about more profound changes even than in Java, from where the revolution is normally viewed. Anthony Reid's The Blood of the People, now available in a new edition, explores the circumstances of Sumatra's sharp break with the past during what has been labelled its 'social revolution.' In Malaya the traditional Malay elite served as a barrier to evolutionary change and survived the transition to independence, but in Sumatra a wave of violence and killing wiped out the traditional elite in 1945-46. Detail - In northern Sumatra, as in Malaya, colonial rule embraced an extravagant array of sultans, rajas, datuks and uleebalangs. Php Serial Port Communication Linux Kernel there. First edition as book (1941), published by Cerdas Medan. Originally published in a periodical, Pedoman Masjarakat (1939-1940).
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